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Bridge and Culvert Options
Some additional options that are available, but not required, are found under the Options menu from the Bridge/Culvert Data Editor. These include the following:
Add a Bridge and/or Culvert. This option initiates the process of adding a bridge or culvert to the data set. The user is prompted to enter a river station tag for the new bridge or culvert. The river station tag locates the bridge or culvert within the selected reach. Once the river station is entered, the Bridge/Culvert Data editor is cleared and the user can begin entering the data for that new bridge or culvert.
Copy Bridge and/or Culvert. This option allows the user to make a copy of the bridge and/or culvert crossing and place it in another reach and/or river station within the current project.
Rename River Station. This option allows the user to change the river station of the currently opened Bridge and/or Culvert crossing.
Delete Bridge and/or Culvert. This option will delete the currently displayed bridge or culvert. The user is prompted with a message stating specifically which bridge or culvert is going to be deleted, and requesting them to press the OK button or the Cancel button.
Internal Bridge Cross-Sections. This option allows the user to edit the two cross sections inside of a bridge. These two cross sections are a copy of the cross sections just upstream and downstream of the bridge. If the ground elevations inside of the bridge are different than just outside of the bridge, then the internal bridge cross sections should be modified to reflect the changing elevations. This option allows the user to change the station and elevation data, roughness coefficients, and main channel bank stations for each of the two internal bridge cross sections.
Momentum Equation. This option allows the user to change the components of the momentum equation. The momentum equation is one of the optional low flow methods in the bridge routines. The user has the option of turning the friction and weight force components on or off. The default is to include the friction force but not the weight component. The computation of the weight force is dependent upon computing a mean bed slope through the bridge. Estimating a mean bed slope can be very difficult with irregular cross section data. A bad estimate of the bed slope can lead to large errors in the momentum solution. The user can turn this force on if they feel that the bed slope through the bridge is well behaved for their application (smooth, with no deep scour hole).
Momentum Class B Defaults. If the program computes that the flow must pass through critical depth inside the bridge (Class B flow), critical depth will automatically be located inside the bridge at the most constricted cross section. If both cross sections are identical, the program will locate critical depth at the upstream inside cross section. This option allows the user to control where the program sets critical depth for class B flow. If the user feels that it would be better to set critical depth inside the bridge at the downstream end, then this can be selected.
Pressure Flow Criteria. This option allows the user to select either the energy grade line or the water surface, to be used as the criterion for when the program begins checking for the possibility of pressure flow. By default the program uses the energy grade line. This does not change how pressure flow is calculated, only when the program will begin checking for pressure flow.
Ice Option. This option allows the user to select how ice will be handled inside of the bridge during ice computations. This option is only pertinent if the user is performing a profile computation with the effects of ice included. When this option is selected, a window will appear asking the user to select one of three available options. These options include: no ice inside of the bridge; a constant amount of ice through the bridge; dynamic ice effects are to be computed through the bridge.
Skew Bridge/Culvert. This option allows the user to make adjustments to bridge/culvert data that is skewed (i.e. not perpendicular to the flow lines going through the bridge/culvert. When this option is selected, a window will appear allowing the user to enter a skew angle for the deck/roadway, as well as the piers. The stationing of the deck/roadway is reduced, by multiplying it by the cosine of the user entered skew angle. Additionally, the user has the option to adjust the upstream and downstream cross sections bounding the bridge by the same skew angle. A separate skew angle is entered for bridge piers. The piers are assumed to go the whole way through the bridge as a single continuous pier. For more details on modeling bridges that are skewed to the flow, see the section called "Bridges on a Skew" in chapter 5 of the Hydraulic Reference Manual.